JEE Main Syllabus
2027 Detailed Guide

Physics, technology, and society; S.I. units, Fundamental and derived units, Least count, accuracy and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in measurement, Dimensions of Physical quantities, dimensions, dimensional analysis, and its applications.

Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed, and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graphs, relations for uniformly accelerated motion. Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and subtraction, zero vector, scalar and vector products, Unit vector, Resolution of a vector. Relative velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile motion, Uniform circular motion.

Force and Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; Momentum, Newton's second law of motion; Impulse; Newton's third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road).

Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work-energy theorem, power. Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

Centre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion.

The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity, Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites.

Elastic behaviour, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's Law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal's law and its applications. Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number, Bernoulli's principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer-conduction, convection, and radiation, Newton's law of cooling.

Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.

Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature: rms speed of gas molecules; Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy, applications to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path, Avogadro's number.

Periodic motion - period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring - restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. - kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period; Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance. Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect in sound.

Electric charges: Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux, Gauss's law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; equipotential surfaces, Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a capacitor.

Electric current, Drift velocity, Ohm's law, Electrical resistance, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors, Electrical energy and power, Electrical resistivity, Colour code for carbon resistors; Series and parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoff's laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge, Metre bridge. Potentiometer - principle and its applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.

Biot - Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter. Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements. Para-, dia- and ferro-magnetic substances. Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.

Electromagnetic induction: Faraday's law, induced emf and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit, resonance; Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.

Displacement current, Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays), including elementary facts about their uses.

Reflection and refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, total internal reflection and its applications, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism, Lens Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin lenses in contact, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers. Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens' principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen's principle. Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources, and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.

Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation; particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment.

Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.

Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode and solar cell; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR).

1. Vernier Calipers: Use to measure internal/external diameter and depth of a vessel.
2. Screw Gauge: Use to determine thickness/diameter of a thin sheet/wire.
3. Simple Pendulum: Dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.
4. Metre Scale: Mass of a given object by principle of moments.
5. Young's Modulus: Elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surface Tension: Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.
7. Viscosity: Coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by terminal velocity.
8. Speed of Sound: Speed of sound in air using a resonance tube.
9. Specific Heat Capacity: Determination of specific heat capacity of a solid and a liquid.
10. Resistivity: Resistivity of the material of a given wire using a metre bridge.
11. Resistance: Resistance of a given wire using Ohm's law.
12. Galvanometer: Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
13. Focal Length: Focal length of convex/concave mirrors and convex lens.
14. Triangular Prism: Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of incidence.
15. Glass Slab: Refractive index using a travelling microscope.
16. Diode Curves: Characteristic curves of p-n junction diode under forward/reverse bias.
17. Zener Diode: Characteristic curves and finding reverse breakdown voltage.
18. Identification: Diode, LED, Resistor, Capacitor from a mixed collection.

Matter and its nature, Dalton's atomic theory; Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound; Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision, and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. Units, dimensional analysis; Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae; Chemical equations and stoichiometry.

Discovery of subatomic particles (electron, proton, and neutron); Thomson and Rutherford atomic models and their limitations; Nature of electromagnetic radiation, photoelectric effect; Spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom - its postulates, derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr's model; Dual nature of matter, de-Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Quantum mechanical model of atom - orbital wave functions, quantum numbers, Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule.

Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonding, covalent bonding, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, Valence bond theory, Hybridisation, Molecular Orbital Theory, Hydrogen bonding.

Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes. First law of thermodynamics, work, enthalpy, heat capacity, Hess's law of constant heat summation. Second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes, entropy, Gibbs energy change, criteria for equilibrium.

Different methods for expressing concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult's Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure-composition, colligative properties, determination of molecular mass using colligative properties.

Meaning of equilibrium, dynamic nature of equilibrium. Physical processes, chemical equilibrium, ionic equilibrium, weak and strong electrolytes, pH scale, common ion effect, buffer solutions, solubility product.

Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox equations. Electrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its applications. Electrochemical cells, Galvanic cells, EMF of a cell, Nernst equation, Gibbs energy change and cell potential.

Rate of chemical reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral rate equations (first order only), half-life of a reaction; Arrhenius equation, activation energy.

Modem periodic law and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity.

Group 13 to Group 18 Elements. General Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique behaviour of the first element in each group.

Transition Elements (d-block): General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general trends in properties, preparation, properties and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4. Inner Transition Elements (f-block): Lanthanoids and Actinoids electronic configuration, general oxidation states, Lanthanoid contraction.

Introduction to coordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of coordination compounds.

Purification: Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography. Qualitative analysis: Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens. Quantitative analysis: Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, and phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae.

Tetravalency of carbon; Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p); Classification of organic compounds, IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds. Homolytic and heterolytic fissions, free radicals, carbocations, carbanions, electromeric effect, inductive effect, resonance, hyperconjugation.

Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions of Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic hydrocarbons (Benzene mechanism of electrophilic substitution).

General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes; Nature of C-X bond, mechanisms of substitution reactions. Uses and environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons, and DDT.

Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids and their derivatives. General methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical reactions, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, acidity of carboxylic acids.

Amines, Diazonium Salts: General methods of preparation, physical properties, chemical reactions, basic character of amines, importance of diazonium salts in synthetic organic chemistry.

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins, and Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) - their chemical composition, structures, classification, and biological functions.

1. Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds.
2. Detection of functional groups: hydroxyl, carbonyl (aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, and amino groups.
3. Preparation of inorganic compounds: Mohr's salt, potash alum. Organic compounds: Acetanilide, iodoform.
4. Titrimetric exercises: Acid-base titration, oxalic acid vs KMnO4, Mohr's salt vs KMnO4.
5. Qualitative Salt Analysis: Cations (Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+), Anions (CO32-, S2-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, Br-, I-).
6. Enthalpy experiments: Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4, Enthalpy of neutralization, and kinetic studies.

The Mathematics syllabus for Paper 2A is identical to the B.E./B.Tech Paper 1 syllabus.

• Awareness of persons, objects, places, and materials.
• Visualising different sides of 3D objects, and visualising 3D objects from 2D drawings.
• Analytical reasoning and mental ability (verbal, numerical, and visual).
• 3D-perception: understanding proportions, scales, color schemes, elevations, plans, and 3D views of objects.

• Sketching of scenes and activities from memory of urban landscapes (public spaces, markets, festivals, street scenes, monuments).
• Creating 3D and 2D compositions using geometric forms and shapes.
• Drawing elevation views and perspective drawings of given structures.

Same as Paper 2A (B.Arch) syllabus.

• General Awareness: Knowledge about prominent cities, development issues, and government programs.
• Social Science: Resource management, agriculture, water bodies, population structure, political parties, globalization, and human settlements.
• Thinking Skills: Map reading, comprehension passages, scale and distance calculations, graphs and basic tables, and statistical indices.